Level 1 Complex Operations: Flying BVLOS in Canada Legally

For years, flying a drone beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) in Canada required a Special Flight Operations Certificate. Transport Canada’s 2025 update, which took effect on November 4, 2025, created a new category — Level 1 Complex operations — that allows lower-risk BVLOS flights under standard rules. This guide explains the essentials. Always confirm the details in Transport Canada’s official summary before planning an operation.

What counts as BVLOS?

A flight is BVLOS when neither the pilot nor a visual observer can see the drone directly. Watching the video feed doesn’t count as visual line of sight. Typical uses include pipeline and power-line inspection, agriculture, mapping large areas and search support.

The main requirements

• Pilot certificate – Level 1 Complex operations: minimum age 18, an online exam, ground school and a flight review.
• RPAS Operator Certificate (RPOC) held by the operator conducting the flights — see RPAS Operator Certificate explained.
• A suitable drone meeting the safety assurance requirements for the type of operation.
• Operating limits: lower-risk environments, below 122 m (400 ft), away from airports and generally away from populated areas.

Related new options from the 2025 update

For a plain-language overview of these categories, see our Canada drone rules guide.

Who is it for?

Level 1 Complex is designed for organizations and professional pilots. It brings responsibilities similar to a small aviation operator: documented procedures, maintenance, training records and a safety culture. Hobby pilots who simply want to fly further than they can see won’t qualify, and must keep their drones within visual line of sight.

When you still need an SFOC

Operations outside the Level 1 Complex limits — for example BVLOS over populated areas, near airports or with heavier aircraft — still require a Special Flight Operations Certificate.

Getting started

1. Hold or obtain the Advanced certificate and build experience.
2. Complete the required ground school and Level 1 Complex exam.
3. Pass the corresponding flight review.
4. Set up or join an organization holding an RPAS Operator Certificate.
5. Choose a drone that meets the applicable declarations.
6. Write your operating procedures and risk assessments.

Full details: Transport Canada’s 2025 summary of changes.