RPAS Operator Certificate (RPOC): What Drone Businesses Need to Know

Alongside new pilot certificates, Transport Canada’s 2025 drone rules introduced requirements at the organization level. For lower-risk beyond visual line of sight flights under the Level 1 Complex category, the operator must hold an RPAS Operator Certificate (RPOC). This guide gives a practical overview; confirm details with Transport Canada before applying.

Pilot certificate vs operator certificate

What an operator is typically expected to have

• An operations manual describing how flights are planned, conducted and supervised.
• A maintenance program for the drones used.
• Training and qualification records for pilots and crew.
• Record keeping of flights, incidents and maintenance — see drone record keeping.
• A responsible person accountable for compliance.

Applicants declare compliance through Transport Canada’s Drone Management Portal, following the requirements in the Canadian Aviation Regulations.

Do small businesses need an RPOC?

Not necessarily. A photographer or inspector flying within visual line of sight under Basic or Advanced rules doesn’t need an RPOC. It becomes relevant when you move into Level 1 Complex BVLOS operations, or when clients require formal operator procedures.

Building your operations manual

1. Describe your organization and who is responsible for what.
2. Document flight planning: site survey, airspace, weather, permissions.
3. Write normal and emergency procedures for each drone type.
4. Define maintenance intervals and how defects are handled.
5. Set training and recency requirements for pilots.
6. Explain how incidents are reported and analysed.

Starting a drone business?

Read our legal checklist for starting a drone business and the complete index of drone laws.